Las preferencias musicales de los estudiantes: hacia un reconocimiento de sus identidades culturales
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Diversas tradiciones de educación musical crítica sostienen la necesidad de reconocer las identidades de los estudiantes mediante la incorporación curricular de sus preferencias musicales, las cuales pertenecen principalmente a la música popular urbana. Sin embargo, esta todavía no es utilizada de manera generalizada en los diferentes sistemas educativos y es comúnmente rechazada por los docentes, quienes la consideran estéticamente inferior. No obstante, un conocimiento en profundidad de la construcción e implicaciones psicosociales de dichas preferencias podría contribuir a aumentar su inclusión en el ámbito educativo. En este sentido, este artículo realiza una revisión bibliográfica de 105 trabajos sobre las principales teorías, modelos y estudios evolutivos que las explican, la relación entre preferencias e identidades musicales, el concepto de música popular urbana como objeto de estudio de la musicología y las iniciativas que ya la han incorporado dentro del aula. Como se verá, las preferencias musicales de los estudiantes no son meras modas pasajeras sino complejos constructos que les ayudan a construir su identidad personal y a establecer relaciones sociales positivas. Algunas iniciativas como Modern Band o Little Kids Rock ya la han incorporada en el aula de música, mientras que la legislación de los países nórdicos es la más avanzada en este aspecto, habiendo establecido que los intereses y preferencias de los estudiantes deben ser reconocidos e incluidos como parte del currículum.
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