Influence and media impact of the "face to face" debates held before the general elections in 2008 in Spain: José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (PSOE) vs Mariano Rajoy (PP)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article focuses on the study of the "face to face" electoral debates held in Spain on the occasion of the 2008 general elections between José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (PSOE) and Mariano Rajoy (PP) and organized by the Academy of Sciences and the Television Arts. These debates have been selected for an in-depth study because they mean the return of debates in Spain fifteen years after the last face-to-face in a general election, held in 1993 between the then President of the Government, Felipe González (PSOE) , and José María Aznar (PP). The debates of 2008 became a historic event with a great impact on both the national and international media, which made a relevant coverage of it. Although the broadcast of the debates scarcely modified the vote of citizens, it did encourage electoral participation, which always alters the distribution of seats. Holding them was important for the process of democracy, since they motivated electoral participation, and for the information of citizens, who took a great interest in both political television programs.
Downloads
Article Details
The main author must deliver the letter of transfer of copyright, according to the model provided by Vivat Academia, Revista de comunicación, which declares the transfer of copyright to the journal and make explicit the rights of authors regarding the dissemination and use of the manuscript once published.
Creative Commons Attribution/Non Commercial 4.0 International
References
Barreiro, B. & Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (1998) Análisis del cambio de voto hacia el PSOE en las Elecciones de 1993. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 82, 191-211.
Becker, L. B.; Sobowale, I. A.; Cobbey, R. E. & Eyal, C. H. (1978/1980) Debates "Effects on Voters" Understanding of Candidates and Issues, en G. F. Bishop, M. Jackson-Beek, & R. Meadow, (Eds.). The Presidential Debates: Media, Electoral, and Policy Perspectives (pp. 126-139). New York: Praeger.
Bishop, G. F.; Oldendick, R. W. & Tuchfarber, A. J. (1978/1980). The Presidential Debates as a Device for Increasing the Rationality of Electoral Behavior, en G. F. Bishop, M. Jackson-Beek, & R. Meadow, (Eds.). The Presidential Debates: Media, Electoral, and Policy Perspectives, (pp. 179-196). New York: Praeger.
Blanco, J. (2009) Dejar la silla vacía nunca más será rentable, en M. Gallego-Reguera, (Ed.). El debate de los Debates: España y EE. UU. 2008, (pp. 29-34).Barcelona: Àmbit.
Bustamante, E. (2013) Historia de la radio y la televisión en España: Una asignatura pendiente de la democracia. Barcelona: Editorial Gedisa.
Campo Vidal, M. (2013) La cara oculta de los debates electorales: Los debates cara a cara presidenciales en España. Madrid: Instituto de Comunicación Empresarial (ICE) y Nautebook.
Castells, M. (2009) Comunicación y poder. Madrid: Alianza.
CIS (2008). Preelectoral Elecciones generales y al Parlamento de Andalucía (Estudio Núm. 2.750. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS).
Díez Nicolás, J., & Semetko, H. A. (1995). La televisión y las elecciones de 1993, en D. L. Swanson, A. Muñoz Alonso, & J. I. Rospir Zabala (Eds.). Comunicación política. Madrid: Universitas.
García-Escudero Márquez, P. (2009) Debates electorales para más democracia, M. Gallego-Reguera, (Ed.). El debate de los Debates 2008: España y EE. UU. (pp. 23-27).Barcelona: Àmbit.
González, J. J. & Bouza, F. (2009) Las razones de voto en la España democrática (1997-2008). Madrid: Catarata.
Graber, D. A. (1978/1980) Problems in Measuring Audience Effects of the 1976 Debates, en G. F. Bishop, M. Jackson-Beek, & R. Meadow, (Eds.). The Presidential Debates: Media, Electoral, and Policy Perspectives. (pp. 105-125). New York: Praeger.
Hagner, P. R. & Rieselbach, L. N. (1978/1980) The Impact of the 1976 Presidential Debates: Conversion or Reinforcement?, en G. F. Bishop, M. Jackson-Beek, & R. Meadow, (Eds.). The Presidential Debates: Media, Electoral, and Policy Perspectives, (pp. 157-178). New York: Praeger
Jackson-Beeck, M. & Meadow, R. G. (1979) The Triple Agenda of Presidential Debates. Public Opinion Quarterly, 43, 173-180.
Mármol Lorenzo, I. (2013) Las elecciones generales de 2008: Las estrategias de competición, I. Crespo (Ed.). Partidos, medios y electores en procesos de cambio (pp. 17-31). Valencia: Tirant Humanidades,
Mckuen, M., Marcus, G. E., Neuman, W. R. & Keele, L. (2007) The Third Way, the Theory of Affective Intelligence and American Democracy.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Nimmo, D., Mansfield, M. & Curry, J. (1978/1980) Persistence and Change in Candidate Images. en G. F. Bishop, M. Jackson-Beek, & R. Meadow, (Eds.). The Presidential Debates: Media, Electoral, and Policy Perspectives, (pp. 140-156).New York: Praeger.
Roper, E. (1960) Polling Post– Morten, Saturday Review, Noviembre, 10-13.
Ruiz Contreras, M. (2007). La imagen de los partidos políticos: El comportamiento electoral en España durante las elecciones generales de 1993 y 1996. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS).
Sánchez, R. (2014) El control audiovisual de las campañas electorales. Madrid: Editorial Fragua.
Santamaría, J. (2009) Visión comparativa con Estados Unidos, en M. Gallego-Reguera, (Ed.). El debate de los debates 2008: España y EE. UU. (pp. 125-129). Barcelona: Àmbit.
Steeper, F. T. (1980) Public Response to Gerald Ford's Statements on Eastern Europe in the Second Debate. en G. F. Bishop, M. Jackson-Beek, & R. Meadow, (Eds.). The Presidential Debates: Media, Electoral, and Policy Perspectives (pp. 81-101.) New York: Praeger.
Vidal Riera, F. (1997) Los debates "cara a cara": Fundamentos básicos para la celebración de debates electorales audiovisuales entre los líderes de los partidos mayoritarios. Tesis de Doctorado). Universidad Complutense de Madrid: Madrid.