At least we had fun': Twitter responses to the 4N electoral debate
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The electoral debate is one of the key events in political campaigns. On social networks, viewers comment on and share all kinds of opinions about the candidates' performances or proposals. This work aims to reveal, using a quantitative methodology, which types of responses have predominated on Twitter with respect to the electoral debate held on 4th November 2019 on TVE. The findings indicate the predominant position of humorous observations on the social network. The discussion of the results revolves around a core issue: the ideological polarization that prevails on Twitter.
Downloads
Metrics
Article Details
The main author must deliver the letter of transfer of copyright, according to the model provided by Vivat Academia, Revista de comunicación, which declares the transfer of copyright to the journal and make explicit the rights of authors regarding the dissemination and use of the manuscript once published.
Creative Commons Attribution/Non Commercial 4.0 International
References
Alaminos, A. y Alaminos-Fernández, P. (2018). Las dinámicas del voto retrospectivo en España (1996-2017). Tendencias sociales. Revista de Sociología. Vol. 1, Issue 1. pp. 39-72.
Barberá, P. y Rivero, G. (2015). Understanding the Political Representativeness of Twitter Users. Social Science Computer Review. Vol. 33, Issue 6. pp. 712–729. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314558836
Benoit, W.L. (2007). Determinants of Defense in Presidential Debates. Communication Research Reports, Vol. 24, Issue 4. pp. 319-325, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08824090701624221
Benoit, W.L. (2013). Political Election Debates: Informing Voters about Policy and Character. Great Britain: Lexington Books.
Chadwick, A., O´Loughlin, B. y Vaccari, C. (2017). Why People Dual Screen Political Debates and Why It Matters for Democratic Engagement. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. Vol. 61 Issue 2. pp. 220-239, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2017.1309415
Coleman, S. y Moss, G. (2016). “Rethinking Election Debates: What Citizens Are Entitled to Expect”. The International Journal of Press/Politics. Vol. 21 Issue 1. pp. 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161215609732
Cordero, G. y Montero, J.R. (2015). Against Bipartyism, Towards Dealignment? The 2014 European Election in Spain, South European Society and Politics. Vol. 20 Issue 3. pp. 357-379, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2015.1053679
Meso-Ayerdi, K., Mendiguren-Galdospín, T. y Pérez-Dasilva, J. (2017). Memes políticos difundidos por usuarios de Twitter. Análisis de la jornada electoral del 26J de 2016. El profesional de la información, vol. 26, Issue 4, pp. 672-683 https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.jul.11
Jivkova-Semova, D., Requeijo-Rey, P. y Padilla-Castillo, G. (2017). Usos y tendencias de Twitter en la campaña a elecciones generales españolas del 20D de 2015: hashtags que fueron trending topic. El profesional de la información, vol. 26, Issue 5, pp. 824-837. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.05
Digital 2019: Global digital overview. Datareportal en https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-global-digital-overview
Elecciones generales 2019: análisis de los perfiles de Twitter de los candidatos y los partidos políticos (8 de noviembre de 2019). Cooltabs en https://blog.cool-tabs.com/es/elecciones-generales-2019-candidatos-partidos/
Ferrín, M., Fraile, M. y García-Albacete, G.M. (2019). Who Learns in Information Rich Contexts? The Informative Effects of the 2015 Spanish Electoral Campaign. The International Journal of Press/Politics. Vol. 24, Issue 3. pp. 315–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161219832455
Galais, C. y Cardenal, A.S. (2017). When David and Goliath campaign online: The effects of digital media use during electoral campaigns on vote for small parties, Journal of Information Technology & Politics. Vol. 14, Issue 4. pp. 372-386, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2017.1367347
Guerrero-Solé, F., Corominas-Murtra, B., & López-González, H. (2014). Pacts with Twitter: Predicting voters’ indecision and preferences for coalitions in multiparty systems. Information, Communication & Society, 17, 1280–1297. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369 118X.2014.920040
Guerrero-Solé, F. (2018). Interactive Behavior in Political Discussions on Twitter: Politicians, Media, and Citizens’ Patterns of Interaction in the 2015 and 2016 Electoral Campaigns in Spain. Social Media + Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118808776
Koopmans, R. (2007). Who inhabits the European public sphere? Winners and losers, supporters and opponents in Europeanised political debates. European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 46, Issue 1. pp. 183-210. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00691.x
Krippendorf, K. (1990). Metodología de análisis de contenido. Teoría y práctica. Barcelona: Paidós.
Marien, S., Goovaerts, I. y Elstub, S. (2019). Deliberative qualities in televised election debates: the influence of the electoral system and populism, West European Politics, Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2019.1651139
McGregor, S., Mourao, R.R. y Molyneux, L. (2017). Twitter as a tool for and object of political and electoral activity: Considering electoral context and variance among actors, Journal of Information Technology & Politics. Vol. 14, Issue 2. pp. 154-167, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2017.1308289
McKinney, M.S. y Carlin, D.B. (2008). Political Campaign Debates. En L. Kaid(Ed.), The Handbook of Political Communication Research. London: Routledge. pp. 203-236.
Medina, I. y Correa, P. (2016). The 2015 Spanish election: the times they are a’ changing, Regional & Federal Studies. Vol. 26, Issue 3. pp. 407-417, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2016.1176920
Pfau, M. (1987). The Influence of Intraparty Political Debates on Candidate Preference. Communication Research, Vol. 14, Issue 6. pp. 687–697. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365087014006004
Piheiro, M. (15 de agosto de 2019). La Fiscalía implica a Aguirre en la caja B que financió las campañas de sus mayorías absolutas. El diario. Recuperado de https://www.eldiario.es/politica/corrupcion-gobiernos-alcanza-Esperanza-Aguirre_0_927057733.html
Pineda Cachero, A. (2006). Elementos para una teoría comunicacional de la propaganda. Sevilla: Alfaguara.
Reber, B.H. y Benoit, W.L. (2001). Presidential Debate Stories Accentuate the Negative. Newspaper Research Journal, Vol. 22 Issue 3, pp. 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/073953290102200303
Rodon, T. y Hierro, M.J. (2016). Podemos and Ciudadanos Shake up the Spanish Party System: The 2015 Local and Regional Elections, South European Society and Politics. Vol. 21, Issue 3. pp. 339-357, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2016.1151127
Rodríguez Fernández, L. y Saavedra Llamas, M. (2017). Debate electoral 13-J: la audiencia social en la estrategia digital de los partidos políticos, Trípodos. Vol. 41, Issue 1. pp. 173-191.
Shifman, L. (2014). Memes in digital culture. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Tayfun Tuna, A. y Yildrim, K.A. (2019). Ideological Congruence and Social Media Text as Data, Representation. Vol. 55, Issue 2. pp. 159-178, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2019.1592012
Thorson, E., Hawthrone, J., Swasy, A. y McKinney, M.S. (2015). Co-Viewing, Tweeting, and Facebooking the 2012 Presidential Debates, Electronic News. Vol. 9, Issue 3. pp. 195–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1931243115593320
Tremayne, M. y Minooie, M. (2015). Using Social Media to Analyze Candidate Performance During Televised Political Debates. Electronic News. Vol. 9, Issue 3 pp. 143–159. https://doi.org/10.1177/1931243115593321
Trilling, D. (2015). Two Different Debates? Investigating the Relationship Between a Political Debate on TV and Simultaneous Comments on Twitter. Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 33, Issue 3. pp. 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314537886
Vergeer, M. y Hans Franses, P. (2016). Live audience responses to live televised election debates: time series analysis of issue salience and party salience on audience behavior, Information, Communication & Society. Vol. 19, Issue 10. pp. 1390-1410, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1093526