The Effect of Nomophobia on Cyberloafing Among Employees in Tourism Enterprises
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Due to the dynamic nature of tourism, it is essential to follow and adopt the developing technology both to meet the changing demand structure and to facilitate the internal operation of the business. However, while technology has a positive effect on organizations in terms of travel, tourist flow and management, the employees’ internet access for non-work purposes during work time causes the development of cyberloafing and nomophobia behavior. Since information and communication technologies are used in every field of the tourism sector, it is thought that it will be important to examine the relationship between cyberloafing and nomophobia, specifically on the employees in the tourism sector. The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nomophobia and cyberloafing among hotel employees. The research was conducted with a total of 300 employees in accommodation sector in Antalya, Turkey. According to the results of the study, it can be said that the nomophobic and cyberloafing levels of the hotel employees are moderate. The results revealed that nomophobia explained 34.2% of the variance in cyberloafing. The managerial implications are discussed based on the study results, and directions for future research are provided.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The main author must deliver the letter of transfer of copyright, according to the model provided by Vivat Academia, Revista de comunicación, which declares the transfer of copyright to the journal and make explicit the rights of authors regarding the dissemination and use of the manuscript once published.
Creative Commons Attribution/Non Commercial 4.0 International
References
Adnan, M., & Gezgin, D. M. (2016). Modern çağın yeni fobisi: üniversite öğrencileri arasında nomofobi prevalansı. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 49(1), 141-158.
Afacan Fındıklı, M. (2016). Sanal kaytarma ve iş performansı ilişkisi: sağlık ve tekstil sektörü çalışanlarının karşılaştırılması. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 9(1), 33-62.
Aguilera-Manrique G., Márquez-Hernández V. V., Alcaraz-Córdoba, T., Granados-Gámez, G., Gutiérrez-Puertas, V., & Gutiérrez-Puertas, L. (2018). The relationship between nomophobia and the distraction associated with smartphone use among nursing students in their clinical practicum. PLoS ONE, 13(8), e0202953. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202953
Akbulut, Y., Dönmez, O., & Dursun, Ö.Ö. (2017). Ciberloafing and social desirability bias among students and employees. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 87-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.043
Anandarajan, M., & Simmers, C. A. (2005). Developing human capital through personal web use in the workplace: Mapping employee perceptions. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 15, 776-791.
Apak, E., & Yaman, Ö. M. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde nomofobi yaygınlığı ve nomofobi ile sosyal fobi arasındaki ilişki: Bingöl üniversitesi örneklemi. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 3, 609-627.
Argumosa-Villar, L., Boada-Grau, J., & Vigil-Colet, A. (2017). Exploratory investigation of theoretical predictors of nomophobia using the Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ). Journal of Adolescence, 56, 127-135.
Arman, A., & Şahin Ören, T. (2021). An empirical research on the relationship of virtual lasting and nomophobia in food and beverage enterprises employees. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 9(3), 2228-2258.
Aşık, N. (2018). Aidiyet duygusu ve nomofobi ilişkisi: turizm öğrencileri üzerinde bir araştırma. Turar Turizm ve Araştırma Dergisi, 7, 24-42.
Augner, C., & Hacker, G. W. (2012). Associations between problematic mobile phone use and psychological parameters in young adults. International Journal of Public Health, 57(2), 437-441.
Baturay, M. H, & Toker, S. (2015). An investigation of the impact of demographics on ciberloafing from an educational setting angle. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 358-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.081
Christensen, L. B., Johnson, R. B., & Turner, L. A. (2015). Araştırma yöntemleri: Desen ve analiz. Anı Yayıncılık.
Çınar, O., & Karcıoğlu, F. (2015). The relationship between cyber loafing and organizational citizenship behavior: A survey study in Erzurum/Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 444-453.
Dixit, S., Shukla, H., Bhagwat, A., Bindal, A., Goyal, A., Zaidi, A. K., & Shrivastava, A. (2010). A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college and associated hospital of central India. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 35(2), 339-341. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.66878
Erdem, H., Türen, U., & Kalkin, G. (2016). Mobil telefon yoksunluğu korkusu (Nomofobi) yayılımı: Türkiye'den üniversite öğrencileri ve kamu çalışanları örneklemi. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 10(1), 1-12.
Gauld, C. S., Lewis, I., White, K. M., Fleiter, J. F., & Watson, B. (2017). Smartphone use while driving: What factors predict young drivers' intentions to initiate, read, and respond to social interactive technology? Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 174-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.023
Gegez, E. A. (2014). Pazarlama araştırmaları. Beta Publishing.
Gezgin, D. M., & Sarsar, F. (2020). BÖTE bölümünde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin siber aylaklık yapma nedenlerine ait görüşleri: bir karma yöntem çalışması. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(1), 243-256.
Gezgin, M. D., & Şahin, L. Y. (2017). Sosyal ağ kullanıcılarının nomofobi düzeylerinin çeşitli faktörler açısından incelenmesi. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, 7(1), 1-15.
Gökçearslan, Ş., Uluyol, Ç., & Şahin, S. (2018). Smartphone addiction, ciberloafing, stress and social support among university students: A path analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 91, 47-54. https://bit.ly/3l8UM8M
Gözüm, A. İ. C., Erkul, R., & Aksoy, N. (2020). Use of smartphones in class: examining the relationship between m-learning readiness, ciberloafing, nomophobia and addiction variables. International Journal of Progressive Education, 16(6), 94-120.
Hair, J. F. J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Macmillon Publishing.
Henle, C. A., Kohut, G., & Booth, R. (2009). Designing electronic use policies to enhance employee perceptions of fairness and to reduce ciberloafing: An empirical test of justice theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 902-910.
Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind: Intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival (3.rd ed.), McGraw-Hill.
Hosgor, H., Coskun, F., Caliskan, F., & Gunduz-Hosgor, D. (2020). Relationship between nomophobia, fear of missing out, and perceived work overload in nurses in Turkey. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(3), 1026-1033.
İşçitürk, G. B. (2020). Examining pre-service teachers’ nomophobia levels in terms of several variables. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(6), 21-30.
Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri (5.th ed.). Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
Kaplan, M., & Çetinkaya, A. Ş. (2014) Sanal kaytarma ve demografik özellikler açısından farklılıklar: otel işletmelerinde bir araştırma. Anatolia: turizm araştırmaları dergisi, 25(1), 26-34.
Kaur, A., Ani, A., Sharma, A., & Kumari, V. (2021). Nomophobia and social interaction anxiety among university students. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 15, 100352.
Kaviani, F., Young, K. L., Robards, B., & Koppel, S. (2020). Nomophobia and self-reported smartphone use while driving: An investigation into whether nomophobia can increase the likelihood of illegal smartphone use while driving. Transportation Research Part F, 74, 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2020.08.024
King, A. L., Valença, A. M., & Nardi, A. E. (2010). Nomophobia: The mobile phone in panic disorder with agoraphobia: Reducing phobias or worsening of dependence? Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology: Official Journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, 23(1), 52-54.
Lim, V. K., & Chen, D. J. (2012). Ciberloafing at the workplace: Gain or drain on work? Behaviour & Information Technology, 31(4), 343–353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01449290903353054
Lim, V. K. G. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: ciberloafing, neutralizing and organizational justice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(5), 675-694.
Masadeh, T. S. Y. (2021). Prevalence of nomophobia and ciberloafing behaviors among undergraduate students. European Journal of Education Studies, 8(2), 342-361.
Mills, J. E., Hu, B., Beldona, S., & Clay, J. (2001). Cyber slacking! A liability issue for wired work places, Cornell hotel and restaurant administration quarterly, 42-34.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2.nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Özkalp, E., & Yıldız, H. (2018). Olumlu ve olumsuz sanal kaytarma davranışlarının işteki stres üzerindeki̇ etkisi. İş, Güç Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 20(1), 53-74.
Piotrowski, Chris (2012). Ciberloafing: a content analysis of the emerging literature. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 39(3-4). https://bit.ly/3LgYWWM
Robinson, S., & Bennett, R. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multi-dimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 555-572.
Serttaş, O., & Şimşek, G. (2017). Konaklama işletmelerinde siber aylaklık: çalışanların demografik özellikleri ile siber aylaklıkları üzerine bir araştırma. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, (Özel Sayı 1), 20-34.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6.th ed.). Pearson Education.
Tandon, A., Kaur, P., Ruparel, N., Islam, J. U., & Dhir, A. (2021). Ciberloafing and cyberslacking in the workplace: systematic literature review of past achievements and future promises. Internet Research, 32(1), 55-89.
Ugrin, J. C., Pearson, J. M., & Odom, M. D. (2007). Profiling cyber-slackers in the workplace: Demographic, cultural and workplace factors. Journal of Internet Commerce, 6(3), p. 75-89.
Ünal, Ö. F., & Tekdemi̇r, S. (2015). Sanal kaytarma: bir kamu kurumunda ampirik bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 95-118.
Wagner, D. T., Barnes, C. M., Lim, V. K. G., & Ferris, D. L. (2012). Lost sleep and ciberloafing: Evidence from the laboratory and a daylight saving time quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(5), 1068-1076.
World Bank Data. (2020). Individuals using the Internet (% of population). https://bit.ly/3ZO7uZS
Yaman, Z., & Kavuncu, B. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusunun ve sosyal ağ kullanım amacının nomofobi düzeyine etkisi. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(2), 555-570.
Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(Özel Sayı) 74-85.
Yildirim, C., & Correia, A. (2015). Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: Development and validation of a self-reported questionnaire. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 130-137.
Yıldız, K., Kurnaz, D., & Kirik, A. M. (2020). Nomofobi, netlessfobi ve gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu: sporcu genç yetişkinler üzerine bir araştırma. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18, 321-338.
Zharghami, M., Khalilian, A., Setareh, J., & Salehpour, G. (2015). The impact of using cell phones after light out on sleep quality, headache, tiredness, and distractibility among students of a university in north of Iran. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 9(4), 1-5.
ARTÍCULOS RELACIONADOS
Arufe Giráldez, V., Cachón Zagalaz, J., Zagalaz Sánchez, M. L., Sanmiguel-Rodríguez, A. y González-Valero, G. (2020). Equipamiento y uso de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) en los hogares españoles durante el periodo de confinamiento. Asociación con los hábitos sociales, estilo de vida y actividad física de los niños menores de 12 años. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 78, 183-204. www.doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2020-1474
Barrientos-Báez, A., Caldevilla-Domínguez, D. y Martínez-González, J. A. (2020). Educación y gestión de emociones en Internet: hábitos de vida saludables. ESAMEC. Education Journal: Health, Environment and Citizenship.
Martín Critikián, D. y Medina Núñez, M. (2021). Redes sociales y la adicción al like de la generación z. Revista de Comunicación y Salud, 11, 55-76. https://doi.org/10.35669/rcys.2021.11.e281
Veliz, A. L., Dörner, A. P., Salcedo, A. S., Reyes, J. L. y Ganga-Contreras, F. (2018). Inteligencia emocional y bienestar psicológico en profesionales de enfermería del sur de Chile. Revista Medisur, 16(2). https://acortar.link/xtqT1y